Sudarma Adiputra is Awarded a Doctorate in Medicine for Creating an ADHD Detection Model.

 

Thursday, June 23, 2022

 

Located in the Third Floor Postgraduate Meeting Room, the Doctoral Promotion exam was held offline with promovendus candidate Ns. I Made Sudarma Adiputra, S.Kep., M.Kes., with the dissertation title "A Model of Ability to Recognize Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Preschool Children in Nuclear Families."

 

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder in increasing children's motor activity, causing children's activities to be unusual and tend to be excessive. The prevalence of ADHD in the world shows a number that varies between 2-20%, the prevalence of ADHD in Indonesia is not known for certain, this is because research on the prevalence of ADHD in Indonesia is still very small, so that there is no definite figure regarding the incidence of ADHD in Indonesia.

 

The incidence of ADHD in Bali Province is not yet known, ADHD data is only limited to medical records at places of service for children with special needs. This limited data regarding children with ADHD may be caused by several factors, such as many parents who do not understand or understand the incidence of ADHD so they do not check their children with ADHD symptoms. From a preliminary study conducted by researchers in August 2017 by researchers on five parents of children with ADHD, it was found that four out of five parents said it was too late to find out that their child had ADHD. The incidence of ADHD is more like an iceberg phenomenon because many children with ADHD do not get treatment properly. Most parents understand ADHD after checking with a health service (psychologist/psychiatrist). Very little information about ADHD is disseminated to parents.

 

The knowledge factor is one of the determinants of the lack of data on the incidence of ADHD in Indonesia. Preliminary research conducted by researchers in 2018 showed the results: 42.2% of respondents had less knowledge about ADHD, especially in early detection and handling children with ADHD. Knowledge is one of the important factors in revealing the incidence of ADHD that occurs. The family is an inseparable part of the child, the family will know everything that happens to the child, including any problems or health problems that arise. Improving the ability to recognize ADHD in nuclear families is very important so that families can make decisions more quickly regarding health problems in children. The ability to recognize family ADHD so that families are more aware of health problems or stages of growth and development in children, and if there are problems they can immediately find solutions.

 

By looking at the condition of the unknown prevalence of ADHD, the delay of parents realizing their child has ADHD and family knowledge about ADHD is still lacking, it is very necessary to "Develop a Model of Ability to Recognize Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Preschool Children in the Nuclear Family". based on the inhibiting and supporting factors for the ability to recognize ADHD in the nuclear family, this model also refers to the experiences of recognizing families with ADHD children using the ladder of empowerment theory approach, social cohesion and family support. This model is expected to increase knowledge and attitudes of families in recognizing ADHD in preschool children, increasing recognition skills will increase accuracy in ADHD screening in children, so that it will increase the findings of new cases of ADHD in children.

 

This study uses a Mixed Methods design with a Sequential Exploratory Design approach. This research consists of three stages, the first stage is a qualitative research which aims to explore the mechanism of ADHD recognition in families with ADHD children. In the second phase of research, a quantitative approach was carried out with the aim of interpreting qualitative findings (phase 1) into quantitative results. The third stage of research is modeling and is continued to ask for expert opinion on the model that has been compiled. The three stages of the research were carried out from June 2021 to February 2022. The population of this study were parents with preschool children and domiciled in Denpasar City. The conceptual framework for recognizing abilities was developed based on Ladder of Empowerment with the addition of social cohesion and family support. The data obtained were analyzed by Chi-Square and Logistics Regression.

 

The first phase of the research conducted in-depth interviews with 11 participants in the ADHD recognition mechanism carried out by the family. The results showed that 6 participants were categorized as late in recognizing children with ADHD and 5 people being able to recognize ADHD early. The delay in recognizing ADHD is caused by a lack of information there is still information about ADHD, the existence of stigma in society, parents deny having ADHD children, experience in caring for their first child, families consider it normal and limited special health workers. Parents who are successful in early detection are caused by factors of partner support, family support and the presence of helpful sources of information.

 

In the third phase of the research, a model of the ability to recognize ADHD was made in preschool children in the nuclear family, the module was then carried out an expert test (delphy study) from the material, media and user aspects by 14 experts. The module recognizing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children in good families includes aspects: Self-Instructional, Self-Contained, Stand Alone, Adaptive and User Friendly, this module is expected to improve the ability to recognize ADHD in preschool children in nuclear families.

The exam was led by the Deputy Dean for Academic Affairs and Planning, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Dr. dr. I Gede Eka Wiratnaya, Sp. OT (K) with the test team:

1. Prof. dr. Pande Putu Januraga, M.Kes., Dr.PH (Promoter)

2. Dr. dr. Cokorda Bagus Jaya Lesmana, S.Ked., Sp.KJ (K), MARS (Copromotor I)

3. Dr. dr. Gde Ngurah Indraguna Pinatih, M.Sc, Akp. Sp.GK (Copromotor II)

4. Prof. Dr. dr. I Made Bakta, Sp.PD-KHOM

5. Prof. Dr. Ir. Ida Bagus Putra Manuaba, M.Phil

6. Dr. dr. I Made Sudarmaja, M.Kes

7. Dr. dr. Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa, M.Si

8. Dr. Ni Made Swasti Wulanyani, S.Psi., M.Erg., Psychologist

9. Dr. Luh Seri Ani, SKM., M.Kes

10. Dr. Ni Ketut Sutiari, SKM., M.Si

 

While the academic invitations are:

1. Dr. dr. Ketut Suarjana, MPH

2. Dr. Ni Putu Widarini, SKM., MPH

3. Dr. Ns. Ika Widi Astuti, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.Mat

4. Dr. Ns. Putu Ayu Sani Utami, S.Kep., M.Kep., Sp.Kep. com

5. Dr. Ns. Ni Made Dian Sulistiowati, M.Kep., Sp.Kep.J

 

The 347th Graduate Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, proclaimed Dr. Ns. I Made Sudarma Adiputra, S.Kep., M.Kes. as a graduate with the predicate VERY SATISFACTORY.